Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Hanford thyroid disease study. Protocol. Draft. CDC 200-89-0716 (1990)
| Auteur | S.Davis |
| Datum | april 1990 |
| Classificatie | 3.01.8.43/19 (VS - LOCATIES - HANFORD) |
| Voorkant | 
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Uit de publicatie:
I. INTRODUCTION I-A HISIORICAL PERSPECTIVE The Hanford Nuclear Site occupies an area of approximately 650 square miles in southeastern Washington adjacent to the towns of Pasco, Kennewick, and Richland(Figure 1). The facility was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project to produce plutonium-239 for the development of the first nuclear weapons. The initial two Hanford production reactors became operational in September 1944, and two chemical separations plants, which constituted the second phase of plutonium production, began to operate in 1944 and 1946. By 1957 there were six additional production reactors and two fuel reprocessing plants on the Site. The creation of the Hanford Nuclear Site caused the regional population in the Columbia Basin to expand rapidly. Although the original construction force was large (approximately 50,000 persons), most had left the area by the end of 1945. However, major Hanford expansions in the late 1940s resulted in substantial population growth in the Tri-City area of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick. Between 1945 and 1960, the population increased from approximately 40,000 to over 100,000 (1). In addition, Army anti-aircraft units numbering about 5000 troops per year served at Hanford beginning in1950. Army personnel and construction workers and their families lived in a trailer-barracks enclave about five miles north of Richland. The counties surrounding the Hanford site, traditionally ranching and agricultural areas, continued to be populated by small, family farms. With the establishment of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project and subsequent agricultural development, large numbers of new families moved into the region in the late 1950s. In February 1986, in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed by the Environmental Policy Institute (Washington, D.C.) and the Hanford Education Action League (Spokane, Washington), the Department of Energy made available over 19,000 pages of documents (many of which were previously classified) describing radiation releases and environmental monitoring during the early years of plutonium production at Hanford. Based on information found in these documents and a subsequent FOIA request, an additional 20,000 pages were made public in April1987. Approximately 2,500 more pages have been released since late 1987. Data contained in this material indicate that during the initial years of plutonium production at Hanford substantial quantities of radionuclides were released into the atmosphere, particularly during the first few years of production. In attempting to produce plutonium rapidly in 1944 and 1945, irradiated uranium was allowed to decay only 15-20 days before being treated for reprocessing. As a result, the subsequent chemical treatment of the irradiated uranium produced atmospheric releases of gaseous radionuclides. A primary component of these releases was Iodine-131.
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