Publication Laka-library:
Energy Subsidies in the European Union
| Author | F.Oosterhuis, IVM |
 |
6-04-0-30-19.pdf |
| Date | July 2001 |
| Classification | 6.04.0.30/19 (INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS - LIBERALISATION) |
| Front | 
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From the publication:
ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Final Report
Frans Oosterhuis
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam
July 2001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study on energy subsidies in the EU was commissioned by the European Parliament,
Directorate General for Research. The author would like to thank all those who provided
valuable suggestions and comments on earlier drafts of this report.
2
CONTENTS
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 7
1. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 8
1.1 DEFINING AND QUANTIFYING ENERGY SUBSIDIES ....................................................................... 8
1.2 EXTERNAL COSTS AND UNCOMPENSATED DAMAGE.................................................................... 9
1.3 THE INHERITANCE OF PAST SUBSIDIES........................................................................................... 11
2. ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ............................................................................... 13
2.1 THE EUROPEAN UNION ........................................................................................................................ 14
2.2 AUSTRIA................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.4 DENMARK ................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.5 FINLAND...................................................................